MEDICAL AND SCIENTIFIC ENGLISH. INCLUYE VERSION DIGITAL

UNIT 1 MEDICAL LANGUAGE AND INTRODUCTION TO THE HUMAN BODY LESSON 1 Welcome to medical English! The history of medical English Communicating with patients in English Spelling Pronunciation LESSON 2 Word structure in medical English Word structure in medical English Word roots Prefixes Suffixes Combining words Abbreviations EXERCISES Lesson 1 Lesson 2 LESSON 3 Talking about the body Introduction Body planes and directions Frontal or Coronal plane Sagittal plane Transverse plane Other body directions Body quadrants Body cavities LESSON 4 Medical specialties Medical specialties Orthopaedics Dentistry Pulmonology Cardiology Gastroenterology Dermatology Haematology Immunology Neurology Endocrinology Andrology Gynaecology and Obstetrics Ophthalmology Otolaryngology EXERCISES Lesson 3 Lesson 4 UNIT 2 ORTHOPAEDICS (I): THE SKELETAR SYSTEM LESSON 1 The anatomy of the skeletal system – the axial skeleton Introduction The skull The bones of the chest Bones of the back LESSON 2 The anatomy of the skeletal system – the appendicular skeleton Pectoral girdle – bones of the shoulders Upper Extremities Upper and lower arm Bones of the wrist, hand and fingers Bones of the hips Bones of the lower extremities Upper and lower leg Ankles, feet and toes Physiology of bone growth EXERCISES Lesson 1 Lesson 2 LESSON 3 The most common diseases and disorders of the skeletal system The main diseases of the bones and skeleton Diseases of the vertebrae Diseases of the joints (arthropathy) and ligaments Arthritis LESSON 4 The main diagnostic procedures and treatment of the skeletal system Laboratory and diagnostic procedures Blood tests Imaging tests Medical procedures EXERCISES Lesson 3 Lesson 4 UNIT 3 ORTHOPAEDICS (II): THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM LESSON 1 The anatomy of the muscular system (Part 1) Types of muscles Naming of the skeletal muscles Origins and insertions Joints Muscle movement LESSON 2 The anatomy of the muscular system (Part 2) Muscles of the head and neck Muscles of the shoulder, chest and back Muscles of the upper extremity – arms and hands Muscles of the abdomen Muscles of the Lower Extremity – Legs and Feet Physiology of muscle contraction EXERCISES Lesson 1 Lesson 2 LESSON 3 The main diseases and disorders of the muscular system The most common diseases of the muscles Movement disorders LESSON 4 The main diagnostic procedures and treatment The most common laboratory and diagnostic procedures Blood tests Muscle tests The most common medical procedures Braces and adaptive devices Deep tendon reflexes (DTR) Muscle strength test Rehabilitation exercises Trigger point injections Surgical procedures EXERCISES Lesson 3 Lesson 4 UNIT 4 ODONTOLOGY AND DENTISTRY LESSON 1 Dental anatomy and physiology The oral cavity The teeth LESSON 2 Dental charting Introduction Names of teeth Dentition Dental arches Tooth numbering systems Tooth surfaces Morphology of teeth Occlusion EXERCISES Lesson 1 Lesson 2 LESSON 3 Dental instruments Introduction Hand cutting instruments Amalgam carriers, condensers, plastic filling instruments, carvers and burnishers Dental handpieces and rotary instruments LESSON 4 Dental caries and periodontal disease Dental caries Restoration/filling procedure Periodontal disease Other forms of periodontal disease EXERCISES Lesson 3 Lesson 4 UNIT 5 PULMONOLOGY AND THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM LESSON 1 The lungs and the respiratory system The anatomy of the upper respiratory system The nose and nasal cavity Pharynx Larynx The anatomy of the lower respiratory system Trachea Bronchi Alveoli The lungs LESSON 2 Physiology of respiration Introduction Respiration The processes of respiration Respiratory rate EXERCISES Lesson 1 Lesson 2 LESSON 3 The main diseases of the respiratory system Introduction Diseases of the upper respiratory system Diseases of bronchial tubes Diseases of the lungs LESSON 4 The main diagnostic procedures and treatment Diagnostic procedures EXERCISES Lesson 3 Lesson 4 UNIT 6 CARDIOLOGY AND THE VASCULAR SYSTEM LESSON 1 The heart and the cardiovascular system Introduction The anatomy of the heart The cardiovascular system The wall of the heart LESSON 2 Blood vessels Introduction Arteries, capillaries and veins EXERCISES Lesson 1 Lesson 2 LESSON 3 Circulation of the blood and physiology of the heart Systemic circulation Pulmonary circulation Alveoli The beating heart: blood pressure How does the heart pump? The main cardiovascular diseases, diagnostic procedures and treatment Introduction Diagnosis Treatment for cardiovascular diseases EXERCISES Lesson 3 Lesson 4 UNIT 7 GASTROENTEROLOGY AND THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM LESSON 1 The anatomy and physiology of the upper gastrointestinal system Introduction The upper gastrointestinal system LESSON 2 The anatomy and physiology of the lower gastrointestinal system The small intestine The large intestine Accessory organs of the digestive system EXERCISES Lesson 1 Lesson 2 LESSON 3 The main diseases of the digestive system Diseases and disorders Pharynx and oesophagus Stomach Small and large intestines Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) Accessory Organs LESSON 4 The main diagnostic procedures and treatment Diagnostic procedures Blood tests Gastric and fecal specimen tests Diagnostic tests X-ray exams and imaging Main therapeutic and surgical procedures EXERCISES Lesson 3 Lesson 4 UNIT 8 DERMATOLOGY AND THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM LESSON 1 The integumentary system Introduction The layers of the skin Epidermis Dermis Hypodermis LESSON 2 Accessory structures of the skin Introduction Hair Nails Sebaceous (oil) glands Sweat glands EXERCISES Lesson 1 Lesson 2 LESSON 3 The main cutaneous diseases Introduction The most common contagious diseases LESSON 4 The main diagnostic procedures and treatment Introduction Diagnostic procedures Culture and sensitivity test (C&S) Biopsy Wood’s Lamp Scratch (epicutaneous) or Prick Test Sweat Test Medical and surgical procedures Aesthetic procedures Blepharoplasty Botox injections Dermal fillers Liposuction Skin resurfacing techniques Rhytidectomy EXERCISES Lesson 3 Lesson 4 UNIT 9 HAEMATOLOGY AND INMUNOLOGY LESSON 1 The anatomy of blood Introduction Blood Plasma The formed elements Blood types LESSON 2 The lymphatic and immune systems The lymphatic system Lymph or lymphatic fluid LymPhatic vessels Lymphoid tissues – cells and organs The immune system and immune response EXERCISES Lesson 1 Lesson 2 LESSON 3 The main diseases of the blood and lymphatic system The most common diseases of the blood Anaemia Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) Haemophilia Leukaemia Mononucleosis Multiple myeloma Polycythemia vera Thallassemia Transfusion reaction The most common diseases of the lymphatic system Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) Lymphadenopathy Lymphoedema Lymphoma Thymoma Vasculitis The most common immune disorders LESSON 4 The main diagnostic procedures and treatment Introduction Blood tests Blood type Blood culture and sensitivity (C&S) Complete blood count (CBC) Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR, SR, Sed rate) Peripheral blood smear Coagulation tests Serum tests Urine tests Other blood tests Diagnostic Imaging The most common medical procedures The most common surgical procedures EXERCISES Lesson 3 Lesson 4 UNIT 10 NEUROLOGY AND THE NERVOUS SYSTEM LESSON 1 The Anatomy of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems Introduction The Anatomy of the Central Nervous System (CNS) The Brain The Spinal Cord The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) The Somatic Nervous System The Autonomic Nervous System LESSON 2 Physiology of a Neuron and Neuron Transmitters Nervous Tissue EXERCISES Lesson 1 Lesson 2 LESSON 3 The Most Common Diseases of the Nervous System The Main Neurological Diseases and Disorders Amnesia Aphasia Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM) Brain Tumor Cephalalgia Cerebral Palsy Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA) Coma Concussion Dementia Encephalitis Epilepsy Huntington’s Disease Meningitis Parkinson’s Disease Spinal Cord Injury Multiple Sclerosis LESSON 4 The Main Diagnostic Procedures and Treatment Introduction Laboratory Tests Cerebrospinal Fluid Examination (CFS) Imaging Tests Cerebral Angiography Computed Axial Tomography (CAT, CT) Doppler Ultrasonography Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Myelography Positron Emission Tomography Scan (PET) Skull X-ray Other Diagnostic Tests Electro Encephalography (EEG) Evoked Potential Testing Nerve Conduction Study The Most Common Medical and Surgical Procedures Babinski’s Sign Glasgow Coma Scale Lumbar Puncture Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) Neurologic Examination Spinal Traction Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) Unit Specific Surgical Procedures Carotid Endarterectomy Discectomy Stereotactic Neurosurgery Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt EXERCISES Lesson 3 Lesson 4 UNIT 11 ENDOCRINOLOGY AND THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM LESSON 1 The Anatomy of the Endocrine System Introduction The Anatomy of the Endocrine System Hypothalamus Pituitary Gland Pineal Gland Thyroid Gland Parathyroid Glands Thymus Gland Pancreas Adrenal Glands Ovaries Testes LESSON 2 Physiology of Hormones Hormone Response and Feedback EXERCISES Lesson 1 Lesson 2 LESSON 3 The Main Diseases and Disorders of the Endocrine System Introduction Hyperadrenalism and Hypoadrenalism Hypercalcemia and Hypocalcemia Hyperthyroidism Hypothyroidism Pancreatitis Pituitary Gigantism LESSON 4 The Main Diagnostic Procedures and Treatment Laboratory and Diagnostic Procedures Blood Tests Urine Tests Imaging Tests EXERCISES Lesson 3 Lesson 4 UNIT 12 ANDROLOGY, GYNAECOLOGY, AND OBSTETRICS LESSON 1 The Anatomy and Physiology of the Male Reproductive System Introduction External Organs Internal Organs Physiology of Spermatogenesis and Ejaculation Spermatogenesis Ejaculation LESSON 2 The Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Reproductive System Introduction Internal Organs External Genitalia Menstrual Cycle Pregnancy Labour and Delivery EXERCISES Lesson 1 Lesson 2 LESSON 3 The Main Diseases and Disorders of the Male Reproductive System, Diagnostic Procedures and Treatment Introduction Testes and Epididymis Prostate Penis Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD) The Most Common Laboratory and Diagnostic Procedures Blood Tests Semen Tests Diagnostic Imagery LESSON 4 The Main Diseases and Disorders of the Female Reproductive System, Diagnostic Procedures and Treatment Ovaries and Uterine Tubes Menstrual Disorders Cervix Vaginal Infections Breasts Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD) Pregnancy, Labour and Delivery During Pregnancy During Labour and Delivery The Most Common Laboratory and Diagnostic Procedures Gynaecological Tests Diagnostic Imagery EXERCISES Lesson 3 Lesson 4 UNIT 13 OPHTHALMOLOGY AND OTOLARYNGOLOGY LESSON 1 The Anatomy and Physiology of the Eye Introduction The Anatomy of the Eye Physiology of Vision LESSON 2 The Anatomy and Physiology of the Ear Introduction Anatomy of the Auditory System Vestibule and Semicircular Canals Cochlea Physiology of the Sense of Hearing EXERCISES Lesson 1 Lesson 2 LESSON 3 Diseases, Disorders, Diagnostic Procedures and Treatment in Ophthalmology Refractive Disorders Inflammation and Infection Pathologies LESSON 4 Diseases, Disorders, Diagnostic Procedures and Treatment in Otolaryngology The Main Diseases and Disorders of the Ear Hearing Loss The Main Diagnostic and Surgical Procedures Diagnostic Tests EXERCISES Lesson 3 Lesson 4